UPM Annual Report 2018

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UPM AT A GLANCE

STRATEGY

BUSINESSES

SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT

GOVERNANCE AND COMPLIANCE

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AUDITOR’S REPORT

OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Financial assets and liabilities by category at the end of 2018

The carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities except for non-current loans approximate their fair value. The fair value of non-current loans amounted to EUR 750 million (801 million) at the end of 2018. For quoted bonds, the fair values are based on the quoted market value as of 31 December. At the end of 2018, all bonds were quoted. For other non-current borrowings fair values are

estimated using the expected contractual future payments discounted at market interest rates and are categorised within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. » Refer Note 5.2 Net debt, for further information on net debt and bonds.

FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT AND LOSS

EQUITY INSTRUMENTS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OCI

DERIVATIVES UNDER HEDGE ACCOUNTING

FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AT AMORTISED COST

EURm

TOTAL 2,159

Energy shareholdings

–

2,159

–

Other non-current financial assets Loans and receivables

– – – –

– – – – – – –

–

Fair value measurement hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities

Derivatives

163 163

–

163 178

EURm

2018

2017

Trade and other receivables Other current financial assets Loans and receivables

–

1,833

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

–

8 – 8

Financial assets Derivatives, non-qualifying hedges Derivatives under hedge accounting

Derivatives

16 16

83 83

–

– –

107 888

106

140

246

198

240

Cash and cash equivalents Total financial assets

888

Energy shareholdings

–

– 2,159 2,159 156 2,159 2,421

–

– 1,974 1,974 217 1,974 2,237

2,159

246

2,745

5,166

Total

106

Non-current debt Loans

– –

753 753

Financial liabilities Derivatives, non-qualifying hedges Derivatives under hedge accounting

–

10 56 66

– – –

10 71 81

17 12 29

– – –

36 20 56

Other non-current financial liabilities Other liabilities 1)

15 15

– – – – 3 3 –

– – – – – – – – – –

– 1 1 – – – –

100

Total

Derivatives

–

There have been no transfers between levels in 2018 and 2017.

100

101

Current debt Loans

The different levels of fair value hierarchy used in fair value estimation are defined as follows: Fair values under level 1 Quoted prices (unadjusted) traded in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Derivatives include futures and commodity forwards traded in exchange. Fair values under level 2 Observable inputs are used as basis for fair value calculations either directly (prices) or indirectly (derived from prices). If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. Derivatives, level 2 include OTC derivatives like forward foreign exchange contracts, foreign currency options, interest and currency swaps and commodity swaps. Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments at level 2 include the following methods: Interest forward rate agreements (FRA) are fair valued based on quoted market rates on the balance sheet date. Forward foreign exchange contracts are fair valued based on the contract forward rates at the balance sheet date. Foreign currency options are fair valued based on quoted market rates and market volatility rates on the balance sheet date by using the Black&Scholes option valuation model. Interest and currency swap instruments are fair valued as present value of the estimated future cash flows based on observable yield curves. Commodity swaps are fair valued based on forward curve quotations received from service providers. An embedded derivative that is by nature a foreign currency forward contract is valuated at market forward exchange rates and is included in level 2. Embedded derivatives are monitored by the group and the fair value changes are reported in other operating income in the income statement. Fair values under level 3 Financial assets or liabilities of which fair values are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) are classified under level 3. This category include UPM’s energy shareholdings and forest assets. Fair valuations are performed at least quarterly by respective business areas or functions. Fair valuations are reviewed by the group finance management and overseen by the Audit Committee. » Refer Note 4.3 Energy shareholdings and » Note 4.2 Forest assets.

Accounting policies Fair value through profit or loss This category includes derivatives that don’t qualify hedge accounting. They are measured at fair value and any gains or losses from subsequent measurement are recognised in the income statement. This category includes mainly UPM’s energy shareholdings. These assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Financial assets at amortised cost This category comprises loan receivables with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market, as well as trade and other receivables, and cash and cash equivalents. They are included in non-current assets unless they mature within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Cash and cash equivalents are always classified as current assets. Loan receivables that have a fixed maturity are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Loan receivables without fixed maturity date are measured at amortised cost. As soon as a loan receivables or cash and cash equivalents are originated or purchased, a loss allowance for 12-month expected credit losses are recognised in profit or loss. If credit risk increases significantly, full lifetime expected credit losses are recognised in profit or loss. In the comparison period, loan receivables were impaired if the carrying amount exceeded the estimated recoverable amount. The credit loss model applied to trade receivables is described in » Note 4.6 Working capital. Derivatives under hedge accounting All derivatives are initially and continuously recognised at fair value in the balance sheet. Gains and losses on remeasurement of derivatives used for hedging purposes are recognised in accordance with the accounting principles described in » Note 6.2 Derivatives and hedge accounting. Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost This category includes debt, trade payables and other financial liabilities. » Refer Note 5.2 Net debt, for further information. Equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income

Derivatives

–

Trade and other payables

1,881

Other current financial liabilities Derivatives

8 8

70 70 71

– –

78 78

Total financial liabilities

2,756

2,838

Financial assets and liabilities by category at the end of 2017

FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT AND LOSS

DERIVATIVES UNDER HEDGE ACCOUNTING

FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AT AMORTISED COST

AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE FINANCIAL ASSETS

EURm

TOTAL 1,974

Energy shareholdings

–

1,974

–

Other non-current financial assets Loans and receivables

– 2 2 –

– – – – – – –

–

Derivatives

175 175

–

176 192

Trade and other receivables Other current financial assets Loans and receivables

–

1,783

–

5 – 5

Derivatives

21 21

66 66

87 92

Cash and cash equivalents Total financial assets

716

1,974

240

2,520

4,757

Non-current debt Loans

– –

789 789

Other non-current financial liabilities Other liabilities 1)

– 8 8

– – – – – – – – – –

– 1 1 – – – –

Derivatives

–

Current debt Loans

–

311

Derivatives

13 13

–

311

324

Trade and other payables

–

1,765

Other current financial liabilities Derivatives

15 15 36

19 19 20

– –

34 34

Total financial liabilities

2,951

3,006

1) Consists mainly of non-current advances received and a put liability that is not estimated to mature within 12 months.

158

159

CONTENTS

ACCOUNTS

UPM ANNUAL REPORT 2018

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